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Our unique developmental and biobehavioral makeup affects our risk for disease and the effectiveness of medical intervention, a key concept in precision medicine. It is becoming increasingly clear that biomedical models of disease must account for individual variation to achieve peak translatability with human health research. The Biobehavioral Assessment (BBA) Program at the California National Primate Research Center, launched in 2001, has quantified measures of biobehavioral organization (ie, temperament, physiological reactivity, genetics) in more than 5700 infant, adult, and aged rhesus monkeys. BBA is a research resource, and has contributed important discoveries on the developmental roots of health and disease (eg, asthma, autism, depression, diarrhea).